Sunflower movements

Film 32 The film presents movements (over 4 days) of a stem of a 3-week old sunflower resulting from overlapping of spontaneous (inherent, endogenous) movement and movement responses evoked by exogenous stimuli (light-off 20:00*, light-on 11:00*, leaf burning 9:20 and 9:30 🟡). Endogenous and exogenous changes in the length and shape the circumnutation trajectory are observed. Drooping and rising leaf movements are also visible. The plant movement is accelerated 4300 times. Green and blue lines denote the clockwise and counter-clockwise circumnutation directions, respectively. Grey rectangle - period of darkness.